COCOA PRODUCTION

ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF COCOA

 The Latin name for cocoa Theobroma literally means, “food of the gods.” This valuable crop played an important role in many ancient South American cultures.

In its earliest forms, the Mayans used cocoa to create a ritual beverage that was shared during betrothal and marriage ceremonies, providing one of the first known links between chocolate and romance.

For nearly 100 years after the Spaniards were introduced to chocolate, the coveted drink of New World inhabitants, they kept the secret of its production to themselves. In the same years as Shakespeare wrote his final plays, the missionary and theologian José de Acosta wrote about cocoa from Lima, Peru, saying, “It is so much esteemed among the Indians that it is one of the richest and the greatest traffickers of New Spain.”

The word Cocoa derives from the Spanish word cacao, derived from the Nahuatl word cacahuatl. Cocoa can often also refer to the drink commonly known as hot chocolate; to cocoa powder, the dry powder made by grinding cocoa seeds and removing the cocoa butter from the dark, bitter cocoa solids; or to a mixture of cocoa powder and cocoa butter.

EFFECTS OF FOOD ADDITIVES AND PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH

EFFECTS OF FOOD ADDITIVES AND PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH

ABSTRACT

Food  additives  are organic  substances that are  intentionally  added  to food in small  quantities during production or processing  to  improve  the organoleptic quality  (colour,  flavour, appearance, taste  and texture) of the food. Food preservative is a class of food additive that help to prevent food spoilage by preventing the  growth and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms like Cloridium spp, Bacillucereu and S aphylococcu aureu.  This can be achieved by bringing down the pH of the food so as to make  the  environment  unfavourable  for  these  microbes.  This  report  aims  to  review  the  available literature  on  the  various  effects  of  food  additives  and  preservatives  on  man  as  a  result  of  the indiscriminate  uses  by  food producers  and  food  consumers.  Many  effects  like  food  allergies,  food intolerance,  cancer,  multiple  sclerosis  (MS),  attention  deficit  hyperactivity  disorder  (ADHD),  brain damage, nausea, cardiac disease among others have been reported.

FUNAI 2015/2016 POST UTME FORM IS OUT REGISTER NOW.

2015/2016 FUNAI POST UTME FORM IS FINALLY OUT.

This is to inform  those who made FUNAI their first choice And scored up to 180 and above in JAMB  that the long awaiting FUNAI 2015/2016 POST UTME FORM IS OUT NOW . The programmes is scheduled to hold as follows:.

DAYS	DATES	TIME	VENUE	FACULTIES
DAY 1	Wednesday, 26th August, 2015	9.am	The University Premises, ndufu alike ikwo, Ebonyi State.	Management Sciences:  Accountancy, Business Administration & Entrepreneurial Studies, Economics and Development Studies
DAY 2	Thursday, 27th August, 2015	9.am	The University Premises, ndufu alike ikwo, Ebonyi State.	Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences: Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, History and Strategic Studies, French, Linguistics, English and Literary Studies, Visual Arts, Criminology and security studies, Mass Communication
DAY 3	Friday, 28th August, 2015	9.am	The University Premises, ndufu alike ikwo, Ebonyi State.	Faculties of Science and Technology/Basic Medical Sciences/Engineering: Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Applied Geophysics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics and Informatics, Anatomy, Physiology, Medical Biochemistry, Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Electronic Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering

Mode of payment

OFFICIAL WAY; *You are to make a Nonrefundable fee of N2000 paid into any branch of ZENITH BANK Account Number 1013163988 in favour of FEDERAL UNIVERSITY NDUFU ALIKE IKWO. No bank draft please.
*Make payments in your FULL NAME with CAPITAL LETTERS because you are to go along with the TELLER on your scheduled exam day
*NOTE; Deadline for Registration/payment for the Post-UTME is 25 August 2015

*Test Requirements
Candidates are required to come with the following items:

1.You are to go along with your 2015/2016 original UTME result slip showing your photo and score.
2. HB pencil.
3. Eraser.
4. Ball point pen.

Please note that GSM handsets, calculators or other extraneous materials MUST NOT be brought into the screening venue.

ALTERNATIVE WAY;
PURCHASING AND PROCESSING.
For those who are at far Distance and can not come down till that day and those who can't run the process by themselves, should make a deposit of N3500 Only  into this Acc.no. below
.
Bank Name : FIRST BANK
Acc.No : 3062073636
Acc.Name:  OKORIE CHIBUIKE BRIAN

Then send your payment details which include: Your Full Name, JAMB Reg no. and Score, Phone Number, choice of course/ department, Date of Birth, O,Level(WAEC or NECO) Scratch card PIN Number and Serial Number, to one of those Numbers below.. then forward your passport pics to Chibykebrian@gmail.com or Okorie_prince46@yahoo.com. once you send all this details, you will get a call from us the next step.

For more information and help ,contact us on these numbers:

 Airtel: +2348087108042
Glo:  +2348153904805

Naira increased against the US dollar in the parallel market, closing at N215 to a dollar

Naira Gradually Increasing

 Naira increased, against the US dollar in the parallel market, closing at N215 to a dollar. This represents an increase of N16 from Tuesday when a dollar exchanged for N231 in Lagos and Kano, and N230 to a dollar in Abuja.
Informed sources told  us that the development follows the decision of the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, to interbuhari-Nairavene in the foreign exchange market.

2015 NOV/DEC NECO EXAMINATION REGISTRATION IS ON NOW

REGISTRATION OF NECO EXAMINATION FOR NOV/DEC 2015 IS ON NOW

This is to inform all who are interested in partaking in 2015 NOV/DEC NECO EXAMINATION, we are using this opportunity to tell you that Registration for 2015 Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE External) is now on-going. The examination registration cards are now available at NECO offices.

You want to know if FUNAI post UTME is out

LATEST INFORMATION ABOUT FUNAI

We Ngnewspress is using this medium to inform the general public and prospective students that the Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo has not commenced action on Post UTME. Candidates who preferred the University as their first choice are advised to be on the watch out as they await further information from JAMB.

Dollar going forward while Naira is going Backward

Nigeria will get the highest average GDP growth in the world between 2010 and 2050

      It is said that Nigeria is a middle income, mixed economy and emerging market, with expanding financial, service, communications, technology and entertainment sectors. It is ranked 21st largest economy in the world in terms of nominal GDP, and 20th largest in terms of Purchasing Power Parity. It is the largest economy in Africa; Its re-emergent, though currently under-performing, manufacturing sector is the third-largest on the continent, and produces a large proportion of goods and services for the West African sub-region. Nigeria recently changed its economic analysis to account for rapidly growing contributors to its GDP, such as telecommunications, banking, and its film industry.

(NYSC) : Pregnant Women, Nursing Mothers and Engaged Students barred for serving

Pregnant Women, Nursing Mothers and Engaged Students are barred for Serving (NYSC)

The National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) has barred pregnant women, nursing mothers and students engaged in postgraduate studies from enlisting in the national service across the country, until they are free to participate effectively.

Rising from a two-day pre-mobilisation workshop for the 2015 Batch “B” NYSC programme, held in Kaduna, Director-General of the NYSC, Brig-Gen. Johnson Olawumi, stated that the exemption of pregnant women and nursing mothers, as well as post-graduate students from national service was because they would not be able to undergo the four cardinal programmes of the NYSC.

The Easiest Way to get Admission into University

Some People Say to Get Admission into the Universities is not Easy

   It is always said that to get admission into the Universities is not easy, but to me i say it is very easy, many people, even as they got JAMB's cut off mark , they still find it difficult to get Admitted into the University, what's the problem? -Is it that people don't follow due process or that they don't get the right information on How, Where and What to do.? I think the answer is YES

Good news to Nigeria as President Mohammadu Buhari is back from USA

 President Mohammadu Buhari is back from USA with a smiling face

Good news to Nigeria as President Mohammadu Buhari is back from USA with a smiling face, being that we have to expecting help from USA base on the insurgence facing the country . Buhari being a man of integrity finally refused to adopt Gay Marriage in Nigeria saying that Sodami is a crime in Nigeria and an Abomination to many culture in Nigeria,so for that reason that he can't accept that.

I SAY NO TO GAY MARRIAGE- President Muhammadu Buhari

President Muhammadu Buhari Rejects Gay marriage 

Barrack Obama -USA told President Muhammadu Buhari that he should sanction Gay marriage in Nigeria, but he refused, stating that Gay marriage is against the law of the country and an abomination to our culture’.

Obama: We’ll assist we've confidence in Buhari, This Visit’ll strengthen USA, Nigeria’s bonds

 PRESIDENT Muhammadu Buhari's visit to USA the outcome

   PRESIDENT Muhammadu Buhari, seeks the help of  his United States counterpart, Barack Obama, to assist Nigeria in locating and returning about $150 billion looted by corrupt government officials.

President Buhari made the appeal in an article he published in Washington Post, some days ago, shortly before he met with President Obama as part of his four-day working visit to the United States.

Full list of the Stars the winners of the MTV Africa Music Awards

Full list of the winners:  MTV Africa Music Awards

  African Stars and International music industry went out in force on Saturday for the fifth edition of the MTV Africa Music Awards. Nigeria did it again as they dominated this year’s MTV Africa Music Awards, MAMA, having most of the coveted trophies all to there selves.

Flinch a Fun and Entertaining Game! very entertaining and addictive

Flinch New Version 1.3.0: Flinch a Fun and Entertaining Game! very entertaining and addictive 

Flinch is a totally new take on the classic staring contest – just make ‘em smile. It's fun and all to meet new people... No need for a friend or third-party to call the shots. Flinch pairs up the latest in video streaming and emotional tracking technology to determine the outcome - automatically! Wow! what a Game you must play.

Nice Scholarship for Students in Nigeria

 Online MBA Scholarship for Students in Nigeria

      Apply for a Scholarship to Earn an Online Master of Business Administration
from the University of South Wales!
 Its always good for one to help his/her perents in training his/her self in school that's why this scholarship is her for you, to help you help your self.
 In case you are a type that needs to have two certificates at a time, or you are a person that is not opportune or chanced to attend daily studies due to one thing or the other this is the right place for you.

10 Good Advises given to Ladies about Men.

  You don't need to depend on your Boyfriend.

Ladies.....
1. Never depend on your boyfriend like he is your father, show
him that before he met you, you are comfortable and without him
you can still be comfortable.
2. Do not detest a man because he is not rich. Rather remember
that, he who is rich today, he may not be rich tomorrow and he
who is poor may not be poor forever, Richness is like a table
fan, it Rotates.

IS EBSU POST UTME OUT?

EBSU POST UTME IS OUT...

This is to notify all candidates wanting to be a student of  Ebonyi State University that the schedule for EBSU 2015/2016 POST UTME candidates’ screening test and O/L online certificate verification for first choice,second choice and direct entry candidates is ON

PDP demands for the removal of INEC new Boss

We will continue to demand for the removal of the Acting Chairman (INEC) Says PDP.

 

  The party said it is privy to the fact that “Mrs. Zakari who has a
strong relationship with President Muhammadu Buhari and a
very prominent APC Northwest governor is collaborating with the
ruling party to post Resident Electoral Commissioners of its
choice to Kogi and Bayelsa ahead of the forthcoming
governorship elections in those states.”
Amina Bala Zakari, acting INEC chairman,

INEC NEW BOSS.

  Amina Bala Zakari INEC NEW BOSS

 

 

   PRESIDENT Muhammadu Buhari appointed Amina Bala Zakari the acting chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), following Professor Attahiru Jega’s completion of four-year term.

Professor Attahiru Jega Formally drops as INEC Chairman

Prof. Jega is out as INEC Chairman.

    Having worked for Nigeria as INEC chairman, and having get a lot of work done in Nigeria as INEC chairman,being the man on sit who conducted one of the peaceful election in Nigeria so far, finally formally drops as being the chairman Independent National Electoral Commission .

NYSC shift from September to November 2015

NYSC Call up Date is Likely to be Shifted.

It is likely that the date for the NYSC Batch 'B' is to be shifted to November instead of September 2015. For those that have been asking if NYSC will shift the date of call up to camp for Batch 'B' 2015, it is likely to be, since the new government emerged its known that they have been trying to stabilize in many activities in the country.

BUHARI is to be Blamed for the Fracas says PDP

Peoples Democratic party (PDP) blames BUHARI.

  The House of Representatives plenary session had degenerated into a riot as the lawmakers struggle for the principal positions in House.
 PDP blames President Muhammadu Buhari  for the ugly situation that occurred in the lower chamber as he lacks the democratic credentials to put a rein on his party.

Fracas in the House. Reps adjoined till 21 July 2015

 War in the house as Reps disagree with SARAKI.

   Its unaccepted by the house as Ali Ndume And Bala Ibn Na’Allah Emerge Senate Leader And Deputy Senate Leader, it cause a tragedy in the house, as members charged on one another for supremacy.

Saraki, Ali Ndume Emerge as Majority leader .

  SARAKI, Ali Ndume Emerge as Majority Leader And Bala Ibn Na’Allah Deputy.

   All Progressives Congress senators,North-East Caucus have nominated Ali Ndume as the Majority Leader of the Senate, not following what the  party wanted,the party wanted Ahmed Lawan be given that role of mejority leader.

President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan getting prepared to join United Nation (UN)

   

President Goodluck Jonathan, set to be appointed a global crises envoy by the United Nations (UN)

   Nigerians should be proud of what they have, just imagine the formal president of Nigeria president Goodluck Ebele Jonathan set to join the United Nation to occupy the office of global crisis envoy.

2015 November/December GCE WAEC Application Has started

  THE REGISTRATION FOR NOV/DEC 2015 IS NOW ON FROM APRIL 27 TO AUGUST 22 2015.

    This is to inform interested candidates as well as the general public that application for the 2015 West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE)November/December is ON NOW.

How to apply

Candidates can access the details of the application via WAEC portal by clicking here: http://registration.waecdirect.org

KWASU: Kwara State University Post-UTME Result 2015/2016 Is Out.

 This just to inform all the candidates that wrote the  Kwara State University Post-UTME  screening examination, that the result is out.

How a lady in Lagos cuts off a man's penis

 

Things are happening...

 

  Its so obvious, that ladies now have power over men, although in terms of xxx ladies normally have power over men, but in terms of raping guys have power over ladies which is because of how guy take ladies unaware, look at that part of the story "how a lady cuts off a man's penis'' at Lagos when his was trying to rape her.I wonder how it happened between both of then, i thought raping is to the virginal ,how come is now to the mouth.  Its so obvious ,that a man went to his friends house with his girlfriend,A few hours later, the lady ran out screaming for help, saying she had been raped. Few minutes later, the man, with blood all over his body, also ran out crying for help.

    The girl had blood on her clothes and she was given a cloth to cover herself as she was nicked.
When the man came out screaming, neighbors were shocked and that was when they realized that the girl bit off the man’s penis and this was done with her teeth.
the man was rushed to the hospital by the people around but when they got to the hospital they realized that the upper part of the penis was not there so they rushed back to the house to look for it. Luckily, they found it and took it to the hospital.
When the doctor examined it, he realized that it was dead but still went ahead to stitch it.
The man is still in the hospital.

President Muhammadu Buhari, with African leaders.

   

   President Muhammadu Buhari, briefed African leaders on his efforts towards combating the Boko Haram insurgency in the country’s North-East even as he challenged them to collectively stop the sordid stories of migrants dying across the Mediterranean Sea.

Former Borno State Governor, Ali Modu Sheriff spent his second day with EFCC.

       Former Borno State governor, Ali Modu Sheriff, surrendered himself to EFCC.

      Former Borno Governor, Ali Modu Sheriff spent his second day with the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, EFCC, on Thursday, trying to explain all that he knew about the alleged siphoning of over N300 billion under his watch.

“I renew my commitment to track Boko Haram into a corner, to destroy it.

    President Muhammadu Buhari: Other nations would provide weapons and help restore infrastructure destroyed by the insurgents.

      President Muhammadu Buhari, yesterday, in Niger Republic renewed his vow to crush the Boko Haram Islamic sect, saying “five years of the presence of this evil sect is enough.”
Speaking at a news conference in Niger during his first visit outside the country since inauguration, Buhari expressed confidence in the ability of the Nigerian military to overcome and eradicate Boko Haram.

HOW TO DOWNLOAD WHATSAPP IN YOUR PHONE.

WhatsApp Messenger is a messaging app available for Android and other smartphones. 

WhatsApp uses your phone’s Internet connection (4G/3G/2G/EDGE or Wi-Fi, as available) to message and call friends and family.